As hybrid cars gobble rare metals, shortage looms
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Ridiculously Active Enthusiast
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As hybrid cars gobble rare metals, shortage looms
As hybrid cars gobble rare metals, shortage looms
* Hybrid motors, batteries big users of rare earth metals
* As output of hybrid cars climbs, supply crunch looms
By Steve Gorman
LOS ANGELES, Aug 31 (Reuters) - The Prius hybrid automobile is popular for its fuel efficiency, but its electric motor and battery guzzle rare earth metals, a little-known class of elements found in a wide range of gadgets and consumer goods.
That makes Toyota's market-leading gasoline-electric hybrid car and other similar vehicles vulnerable to a supply crunch predicted by experts as China, the world's dominant rare earths producer, limits exports while global demand swells.
Worldwide demand for rare earths, covering 15 entries on the periodic table of elements, is expected to exceed supply by some 40,000 tonnes annually in several years unless major new production sources are developed. One promising U.S. source is a rare earths mine slated to reopen in California by 2012.
Among the rare earths that would be most affected in a shortage is neodymium, the key component of an alloy used to make he high-power, lightweight magnets for electric motors of hybrid cars, such as the Prius, Honda Insight and Ford Fusion, as well as in generators for wind turbines.
Close cousins terbium and dysprosium are added in smaller amounts to the alloy to preserve neodymium's magnetic properties at high temperatures. Yet another rare earth metal, lanthanum, is a major ingredient for hybrid car batteries.
Production of both hybrids cars and wind turbines is expected to climb sharply amid the clamor for cleaner transportation and energy alternatives that reduce dependence on fossil fuels blamed for global climate change.
Toyota has 70 percent of the U.S. market for vehicles powered by a combination of an internal-combustion engine and electric motor. The Prius is its No. 1 hybrid seller.
Jack Lifton, an independent commodities consultant and strategic metals expert, calls the Prius "the biggest user of rare earths of any object in the world."
Each electric Prius motor requires 1 kilogram (2.2 lb) of neodymium, and each battery uses 10 to 15 kg (22-33 lb) of lanthanum. That number will nearly double under Toyota's plans to boost the car's fuel economy, he said.
Toyota plans to sell 100,000 Prius cars in the United States alone for 2009, and 180,000 next year. The company forecasts sales of 1 million units per year starting in 2010.
As China's industries begin to consume most of its own rare earth production, Toyota and other companies are seeking to secure reliable reserves for themselves.
Reuters reported last year that Japanese firms are showing strong interest in a Canadian rare earth site under development at Thor Lake in the Northwest Territories.
A Toyota spokeswoman in Los Angeles said the automaker would not comment on its resource development plans. But media accounts and industry blogs have reported recently that Toyota has looked at rare earth possibilities in Canada and Vietnam.
(Editing by Alan Elsner and Mary Milliken)
((steve.gorman@reuters.com; +1 213-955-6761))
* Hybrid motors, batteries big users of rare earth metals
* As output of hybrid cars climbs, supply crunch looms
By Steve Gorman
LOS ANGELES, Aug 31 (Reuters) - The Prius hybrid automobile is popular for its fuel efficiency, but its electric motor and battery guzzle rare earth metals, a little-known class of elements found in a wide range of gadgets and consumer goods.
That makes Toyota's market-leading gasoline-electric hybrid car and other similar vehicles vulnerable to a supply crunch predicted by experts as China, the world's dominant rare earths producer, limits exports while global demand swells.
Worldwide demand for rare earths, covering 15 entries on the periodic table of elements, is expected to exceed supply by some 40,000 tonnes annually in several years unless major new production sources are developed. One promising U.S. source is a rare earths mine slated to reopen in California by 2012.
Among the rare earths that would be most affected in a shortage is neodymium, the key component of an alloy used to make he high-power, lightweight magnets for electric motors of hybrid cars, such as the Prius, Honda Insight and Ford Fusion, as well as in generators for wind turbines.
Close cousins terbium and dysprosium are added in smaller amounts to the alloy to preserve neodymium's magnetic properties at high temperatures. Yet another rare earth metal, lanthanum, is a major ingredient for hybrid car batteries.
Production of both hybrids cars and wind turbines is expected to climb sharply amid the clamor for cleaner transportation and energy alternatives that reduce dependence on fossil fuels blamed for global climate change.
Toyota has 70 percent of the U.S. market for vehicles powered by a combination of an internal-combustion engine and electric motor. The Prius is its No. 1 hybrid seller.
Jack Lifton, an independent commodities consultant and strategic metals expert, calls the Prius "the biggest user of rare earths of any object in the world."
Each electric Prius motor requires 1 kilogram (2.2 lb) of neodymium, and each battery uses 10 to 15 kg (22-33 lb) of lanthanum. That number will nearly double under Toyota's plans to boost the car's fuel economy, he said.
Toyota plans to sell 100,000 Prius cars in the United States alone for 2009, and 180,000 next year. The company forecasts sales of 1 million units per year starting in 2010.
As China's industries begin to consume most of its own rare earth production, Toyota and other companies are seeking to secure reliable reserves for themselves.
Reuters reported last year that Japanese firms are showing strong interest in a Canadian rare earth site under development at Thor Lake in the Northwest Territories.
A Toyota spokeswoman in Los Angeles said the automaker would not comment on its resource development plans. But media accounts and industry blogs have reported recently that Toyota has looked at rare earth possibilities in Canada and Vietnam.
(Editing by Alan Elsner and Mary Milliken)
((steve.gorman@reuters.com; +1 213-955-6761))
Currency-to-hydrocarbons
Joined: Sep 2006
Posts: 343
From: Minneapolis, MN
Re: As hybrid cars gobble rare metals, shortage looms
Interesting ::
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neodymium
Used in everything from iPod ear-buds to rocket ships..
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neodymium
Used in everything from iPod ear-buds to rocket ships..
Thread Starter
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Ridiculously Active Enthusiast
Joined: Nov 2007
Posts: 2,051
From: New Jersey
Re: As hybrid cars gobble rare metals, shortage looms
It's not bad enough that we've been held hostage over oil imports, but will our 'good friends' use their dominance in rare earths as weapon against us?
Currency-to-hydrocarbons
Joined: Sep 2006
Posts: 343
From: Minneapolis, MN
Re: As hybrid cars gobble rare metals, shortage looms
http://www.treas.gov/tic/mfh.txt
Run the total across the top and you'll see what I mean..
Active Enthusiast
Joined: Feb 2007
Posts: 173
From: Fair Oaks, CA
Re: As hybrid cars gobble rare metals, shortage looms
Oh - they have roughly 8.9 Trillion other things to hold against us too....
http://www.treas.gov/tic/mfh.txt
Run the total across the top and you'll see what I mean..
http://www.treas.gov/tic/mfh.txt
Run the total across the top and you'll see what I mean..
Malcontent
Joined: Sep 2006
Posts: 286
From: Littleton, Colorado
Re: As hybrid cars gobble rare metals, shortage looms
Oh - they have roughly 8.9 Trillion other things to hold against us too....
http://www.treas.gov/tic/mfh.txt
Run the total across the top and you'll see what I mean..
http://www.treas.gov/tic/mfh.txt
Run the total across the top and you'll see what I mean..
There's a way out of that:
http://www.theonion.com/content/vide...urce=a-section
Currency-to-hydrocarbons
Joined: Sep 2006
Posts: 343
From: Minneapolis, MN
Re: As hybrid cars gobble rare metals, shortage looms
I don't think a "run the total across the top" is valid in this case. Those numbers appear to me to be the total outstanding securities at the end of each month. You seem to imply that they are the amount of securities purchased in each month, so that summing them give the total outstanding.
Currency-to-hydrocarbons
Joined: Sep 2006
Posts: 343
From: Minneapolis, MN
Re: As hybrid cars gobble rare metals, shortage looms
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